Successful milking machines appeared around 1870. This is one of the earliest American patents, however, it was not a successful invention. Milking machine: In 1879, Anna Baldwin patented a milking machine that replaced hand milking - her milking machine was a vacuum device that connected to a hand pump.His balers and their imitators revolutionized hay and straw harvest and created a twine demand beyond the wildest dreams of any twine manufacturer." According to The History of Twine, "Nolt's innovative patents pointed the way by 1939 to the mass production of the one-man automatic hay baler. A Pennsylvania Dutchman named Ed Nolt built his own baler, salvaging the twine knotters from the Innes baler. It tied bales with binder twine using Appleby-type knotters from a John Deere grain binder. In 1936, a man named Innes, of Davenport, Iowa, invented an automatic baler for hay.The "pick up" baler or square baler was replaced by the round baler around the 1940's. The stationary baler or hay press was invented in the 1850's and did not become popular until the 1870's. In the 1860s early cutting devices were developed that resembled those on reapers and binders from these came the modern array of fully mechanical mowers, crushers, windrowers, field choppers, balers, and machines for pelletizing or wafering in the field. Hay cultivation: Until the middle of the 19th century, hay was cut by hand with sickles and scythes.Grain elevator: In 1842, the first grain elevator was built by Joseph Dart.In the United States, George Washington Carver brought his science of crop rotation to the farmers and saved the farming resources of the south. In the 18th century, British agriculturalist Charles Townshend aided the European agricultural revolution by popularizing a four- year crop rotation with rotations of wheat, barley, turnips, and clover. During the Middle Ages in Europe, a three-year crop rotation was practiced by farmers rotating rye or winter wheat in year one, followed by spring oats or barley in the second year, and followed by a third year of no crops. Crop rotation was practiced in ancient Roman, African, and Asian cultures. Different plant crops were planted in a regular sequence so that the leaching of the soil by a crop of one kind of nutrient was followed by a plant crop that returned that nutrient to the soil. Farmers avoided a decrease in soil fertility by practicing crop rotation. Crop rotation: Growing the same crop repeatedly on the same land eventually depletes the soil of different nutrients.The cotton fibers are wrapped around the moistened spindles and then removed by a special device called a doffer the cotton is then delivered to a large basket carried above the machine. The spindles, which rotate on their axes at high speeds, are attached to a drum that also turns, causing the spindles to penetrate the plants. The cotton gin is then used to remove unwanted material. Picker machines, often called spindle-type harvesters, remove the cotton from open bolls and leave the bur on the plant. Stripper harvesters strip the entire plant of both open and unopened bolls, along with many leaves and stems. in 1850, but it was not until the 1940s that the machinery was widely used. Mechanical cotton harvesters are of two types: strippers and pickers. Cotton harvester: The first cotton harvester was patented in the U.S.Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin on March 14, 1794 Cotton gin: The cotton gin is a machine that separates seeds, hulls and other unwanted materials from cotton after it has been picked.
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